Since 1998, Technick.net has been a freely accessible website about Electronics, Hardware, Software, Guides and Tools.
Created by Nicola Asuni, the site was originally called Nick Homepage when it went online on 1 March 1998.
NOTE: The historical Pinouts Archive was moved to https://allpinouts.org and the Electronic Circuits Archive was moved to https://circuitsarchive.org.
This website is organized into the following sections:
- Home
- Guides
- Electronics
- Ammonium Persulfate: Etchant for copper-plated PC Boards
- AWG to Metric Conversion Chart
- Basic Soldering Guide
- Basics of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
- Batteries in a Portable World 2nd Ed.
- 00. About the Author
- 00. Author's Note
- 00. Frequently Asked Questions about Batteries (FAQ)
- 00. Introduction
- 00. Links
- 00. Order Batteries in a Portable World
- 00. Part Four – Beyond Batteries
- 00. Part One - Battery Basics Everyone Should Know
- 00. Part Three – Knowing Your Battery
- 00. Part Two – You and the Battery
- 00. TOC
- 01. When was the battery invented?
- 01. When was the battery invented? 2
- 01. When was the battery invented? 3
- 02. Battery Chemistries
- 02. Battery Chemistries
- 02. Battery Chemistries 2
- 02. Battery Chemistries 3
- 02. Battery Chemistries 4
- 02. Battery Chemistries 5
- 02. Battery Chemistries 6
- 02. Battery Chemistries 7
- 02. Battery Chemistries 8
- 02. Battery Chemistries 9
- 03. The Battery Pack
- 03. The Battery Pack 2
- 03. The Battery Pack 3
- 03. The Battery Pack 4
- 03. The Battery Pack 5
- 03. The Battery Pack 6
- 04. Proper Charge Methods
- 04. Proper Charge Methods 10
- 04. Proper Charge Methods 2
- 04. Proper Charge Methods 3
- 04. Proper Charge Methods 4
- 04. Proper Charge Methods 5
- 04. Proper Charge Methods 6
- 04. Proper Charge Methods 7
- 04. Proper Charge Methods 8
- 04. Proper Charge Methods 9
- 05. Discharge Methods
- 05. Discharge Methods 2
- 05. Discharge Methods 3
- 05. Discharge Methods 4
- 05. Discharge Methods 5
- 06. The Secrets of Battery Runtime
- 06. The Secrets of Battery Runtime 2
- 06. The Secrets of Battery Runtime 3
- 07. The ‘Smart’ Battery
- 07. The ‘Smart’ Battery 2
- 07. The ‘Smart’ Battery 3
- 07. The ‘Smart’ Battery 4
- 07. The ‘Smart’ Battery 5
- 07. The ‘Smart’ Battery 6
- 07. The ‘Smart’ Battery 7
- 08. Choosing the Right Battery
- 08. Choosing the Right Battery 2
- 08. Choosing the Right Battery 3
- 08. Choosing the Right Battery 4
- 09. Internal Battery Resistance
- 09. Internal Battery Resistance 2
- 09. Internal Battery Resistance 3
- 10. Getting the Most from your Batteries
- 10. Getting the Most from your Batteries 2
- 10. Getting the Most from your Batteries 3
- 10. Getting the Most from your Batteries 4
- 10. Getting the Most from your Batteries 5
- 10. Getting the Most from your Batteries 6
- 10. Getting the Most from your Batteries 7
- 11. Maintaining Fleet Batteries
- 11. Maintaining Fleet Batteries 2
- 11. Maintaining Fleet Batteries 3
- 12. Battery Maintenance Equipment
- 12. Battery Maintenance Equipment 2
- 12. Battery Maintenance Equipment 3
- 12. Battery Maintenance Equipment 4
- 12. Battery Maintenance Equipment 5
- 13. Making Battery Quick-Test Feasible
- 13. Making Battery Quick-Test Feasible 2
- 13. Making Battery Quick-Test Feasible 3
- 13. Making Battery Quick-Test Feasible 4
- 13. Making Battery Quick-Test Feasible 5
- 14. Non-Correctable Battery Problems
- 14. Non-Correctable Battery Problems 2
- 14. Non-Correctable Battery Problems 3
- 15. Caring for Your Batteries from Birth to Retirement
- 15. Caring for Your Batteries from Birth to Retirement 2
- 15. Caring for Your Batteries from Birth to Retirement 3
- 15. Caring for Your Batteries from Birth to Retirement 4
- 15. Caring for Your Batteries from Birth to Retirement 5
- 15. Caring for Your Batteries from Birth to Retirement 6
- 15. Caring for Your Batteries from Birth to Retirement 7
- 15. Caring for Your Batteries from Birth to Retirement 8
- 16. Practical Battery Tips
- 16. Practical Battery Tips 2
- 16. Practical Battery Tips 3
- 17. Did you know . . . ?
- 17. Did you know . . . ? 2
- 17. Did you know . . . ? 3
- 17. Did you know . . . ? 4
- 17. Did you know . . . ? 5
- 17. Did you know . . . ? 6
- 18. Beginnings and Horizons
- 18. Beginnings and Horizons 2
- 18. Beginnings and Horizons 3
- 18. Beginnings and Horizons 4
- 18. Beginnings and Horizons 5
- Controlling Electrical Hazards
- Dielectric Constants of Material
- Ferric Chloride Solution: Etchant for copper-plated PC Boards
- On Cables and Connections
- Passive Components Codes Guide
- PCBs Fabrication Methods
- SODIUM METASILICATE, PENTAHYDRATE
- Standard Certification Marks
- Standard Resistors Values
- Stripline Impedance
- Hardware
- Mouse Cleaning
- Networking
- POST Beep Codes
- RAID Technology
- SCSI Technology
- The Ultimate Memory Guide v.6
- 0. Table of Contents
- 1. WHAT IS MEMORY?
- 1.1. INTRODUCTION
- 1.2. THE ROLE OF MEMORY IN THE COMPUTER
- 1.3. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEMORY AND STORAGE
- 1.4. MEMORY AND PERFORMANCE
- 1.5. HOW MUCH MEMORY DO YOU NEED?
- 10. THE GLOSSARY
- 2. A CLOSER LOOK
- 2.1. WHAT MEMORY LOOKS LIKE
- 2.2. WHERE MEMORY COMES FROM
- 2.3. WHERE MEMORY GOES IN THE COMPUTER
- 3. HOW MEMORY WORKS
- 3.1. HOW MEMORYWORKS WITH THE PROCESSOR
- 3.2. MAXIMIZING PERFORMANCE
- 4. HOW MUCH MEMORY IS ON A MODULE?
- 4.1. BITS AND BYTES
- 4.2. CPU AND MEMORY REQUIREMENTS
- 4.3. CALCULATING THE CAPACITY OF A MODULE
- 4.4. STACKING
- 5. DIFFERENT KINDS OF MEMORY
- 5.1. MODULE FORM FACTORS
- 5.2. MAJOR CHIP TECHNOLOGIES
- 5.3. MEMORY TECHNOLOGIES FOR VIDEO OR GRAPHICS PROCESSING
- 5.4. OTHER MEMORY TECHNOLOGIES YOU MAY HAVE HEARD ABOUT
- 5.5. ERROR CHECKING
- 5.6. OTHER SPECIFICATIONS
- 6. WHAT TO CONSIDER WHEN BUYING MEMORY
- 6.1. COMPATIBILITY
- 6.2. HOW TO READ A BANK SCHEMA
- 6.3. QUALITY
- 6.4. PRICING AND AVAILABILITY
- 7. HOW TO INSTALL MEMORY
- 7.1. BEFORE YOU INSTALL
- 7.2. IMPORTANT THINGS TO KEEP IN MIND
- 7.3. INSTALLING THE MEMORY
- 8. TROUBLESHOOTING MEMORY PROBLEMS
- 8.1. COMMON MEMORY PROBLEMS
- 8.2. BASIC TROUBLESHOOTING
- 8.3. WHEN THE PROBLEM OCCURS
- 8.4. HANDLING SPECIFIC PROBLEMS
- 8.5. STILL NEED HELP?
- 9. MORE ABOUT KINGSTON
- 9.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
- 9.2. HOW TO REACH KINGSTON
- 9.3. WHY KINGSTON?
- Software
- Theory
- Definitions of the SI base and derived units
- Digital Audio Resampling
- 00. Table Of Content
- 01. What is Bandlimited Interpolation?
- 02. Available Software
- 03. Theory of Operation
- 04. Abstract
- 05. Introduction
- 06. Theory of Ideal Bandlimited Interpolation
- 07. From Theory to Practice
- 08. Implementation
- 09. Quantization Issues
- 10. Choice of Table Size
- 11. Choice of Interpolation Resolution
- 12. Conclusions
- 13. Exact Sinc-Interpolation of Sampled Periodic Signals
- 14. Appendix B: Relation between Sinc and Lagrange Interpolation
- 15. Bibliography
- 16. About this document
- 17. Footnotes
- Elementary Digital Filter Theory
- 00. Table Of Content
- 01. Positive Real Functions
- 02. Relation to Stochastic Processes
- 03. Relation to Schur Functions
- 04. Relation to functions positive real in the right-half plane
- 05. Special cases and examples
- 06. Minimum Phase (MP) polynomials in Z
- 07. Conjectured Properties
- 08. Introduction to Digital Filter Theory
- 09. Linearity and Time-Invariance
- 10. Difference Equation
- 11. Convolution Representation
- 12. Frequency Response
- 13. Phase Delay and Group Delay
- 14. Vector Space Concepts
- 15. Specific Norms
- 16. Concavity (Convexity)
- 17. Concave Norms
- 18. Gradient Descent
- 19. Taylor's Theorem
- 20. Newton's Method
- 21. Maxims of Signal Processing
- 22. Index
- 23. Bibliography
- 24. About this document
- 25. Footnotes
- Mathematics of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
- 00. Table Of Content
- A Basic Tutorial on Sampling Theory
- A First Look at Taylor Series
- About this document
- Acknowledgement
- Alias Operator
- Aliasing of Sampled Continuous-Time Signals
- An Example of Changing Coordinates in 2D
- An Example Vector View
- An Orthonormal Sinusoidal Set
- Appendix A: Linear Time-Invariant Filters and Convolution
- Appendix A: Round-Off Error Variance
- Appendix B: Electrical Engineering 101
- Appendix B: Introductory Statistical Signal Processing
- Appendix C: Mathematica/Matlab Examples
- Appendix D: The Similarity Theorem
- Appendix: Matlab Examples
- Application of the Shift Theorem to FFT Windows
- Applications of Cross-Correlation
- Audio Decay Time
- Autocorrelation
- Back to e
- Back to e^(j theta)
- Bandlimited Interpolation in Time
- Bibliography
- Binary Integer Fixed-Point Numbers
- Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality
- Causal FIR Filters
- Changing the Base
- Circular Motion
- Coherence
- Comparing Analog and Digital Complex Planes
- Complex Numbers
- Complex Roots
- Complex Sinusoids
- Conclusions
- Conjugation and Reversal
- Constructive and Destructive Interference of Sinusoids
- Convolution
- Convolution Representation
- Convolution Representation of LTI Filters
- Convolution Theorem
- Correlation
- Correlation Theorem
- Cross-Correlation
- DB for Display
- DB SPL
- DBm Scale
- DBV Scale
- De Moivre's Theorem
- Decibels
- Decimation Operator
- Decimation Theorem (Aliasing Theorem)
- Derivation of Taylor Series Expansion with Remainder
- Derivatives of f(x)=a^x
- DFT Math Outline
- Difference Equation
- Digital Filter Theory Summary
- Does it Work?
- Dual of the Convolution Theorem
- Dynamic Range
- Elementary Relationships
- Euler's Formula
- Euler's Theorem
- Even and Odd Functions
- Example 1: FFT of a Simple Sinusoid
- Example 2: FFT of a Not-So-Simple Sinusoid
- Example 3: FFT of a Zero-Padded Sinusoid
- Example 4: Blackman Window
- Example 5: Use of the Blackman Window
- Example 6: Hanning-Windowed Complex Sinusoid
- Example Applications of the DFT
- Example Sinusoids
- Exponentials
- Factoring a Polynomial with Real Roots
- Figure 7.2
- Figure 7.3
- Figuring Out Sampling Theory by Playing Around with Complex Sinusoids
- Finiteness
- FIR Filters
- Flip Operator
- Floating-Point Numbers
- Footnotes
- Formal Statement of Taylor's Theorem
- Fourier Theorems for the DFT
- Fractional Binary Fixed-Point Numbers
- Frequencies in the \
- Frequency Response
- Further Notes on Differentiability of Audio Signals
- General Conditions
- General Formula for Two's-Complement, Integer Fixed-Point Numbers
- Generalized Complex Sinusoids
- Geometric Series
- Geometric Signal Theory
- Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization
- Graphical Convolution
- How Many Bits are Enough for Digital Audio?
- Imaginary Exponents
- In-Phase and Quadrature Sinusoidal Components
- Index
- Informal Derivation of Taylor Series Expansion
- Introduction
- Introduction to Complex Numbers
- Introduction to Digital Filter Analysis
- Introduction to the DFT
- Law Companding
- Linear Number Systems for Digital Audio
- Linear Phase Terms
- Linearity
- Linearity and Time-Invariance
- Linearity of the Inner Product
- Little Endian Formula
- Logarithmic Fixed-Point Numbers
- Logarithmic Number Systems for Digital Audio
- Logarithms
- Logarithms of Negative and Imaginary Numbers
- Logarithms, Decibels, and Number Systems
- LTI Filters and the Convolution Theorem
- Mathematica for Selected Plots
- Mathematics of the DFT
- Matlab Examples
- Matrices
- Matrix Formulation of the DFT
- Matrix Multiplication
- Method 1: Additive Synthesis
- Modulo Indexing, Periodic Extension
- More Notation and Terminology
- Motivating Example and Overview
- Multiplication of Decimal Numbers
- Music 320 Background Reader Mathematics of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
- Negative Exponents
- Norm Induced by the Inner Product
- Norm of the DFT Sinusoids
- Normalized DFT
- Notation and Terminology
- Numerical Tools in Mathematica
- Numerical Tools in Matlab
- One's Complement Fixed-Point Format
- Order
- Orthogonality
- Orthogonality of Sinusoids
- Orthogonality of the DFT Sinusoids
- Other Norms
- Outline
- Phase Delay and Group Delay
- Polynomial Multiplication
- Positive and Negative Frequencies
- Positive Integer Exponents
- Power Theorem
- Powers of
- Preface
- Projection
- Projection of Circular Motion
- Proof of Euler's Identity
- Properties of DB Scales
- Properties of Exponents
- Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
- Rational Exponents
- Rayleigh Energy Theorem (Parseval's Theorem)
- Real Exponents
- Reconstruction from Samples--Pictorial Version
- Reconstruction from Samples--The Math
- Recovering a Continuous-Time Signal from its Samples
- Repeat Operator
- Sampled Sinusoids
- Shannon's Sampling Theorem
- Shift Operator
- Shift Theorem
- Sidebar on Mathematica
- Signal Metrics
- Signal Operators
- Signal Reconstruction from Projections
- Signals as Vectors
- Sinusoids
- Sinusoids and Exponentials
- Sinusoids at the Same Frequency
- Special Case: The Mth Roots of Unity
- Specific DB Scales
- Spectral Phase
- Spectrum Analysis of a Sinusoid: Windowing, Zero-Padding, and the FFT
- Stretch Operator
- Stretch Theorem (Repeat Theorem)
- Symmetry
- The Analytic Signal and Hilbert Transform Filters
- The BiQuad Section
- The Complex Plane
- The DFT
- The DFT and its Inverse
- The DFT Derived
- The DFT Matrix
- The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) Derived
- The Exponent Zero
- The Fourier Theorems
- The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
- The Inner Product
- The Length 2 DFT
- The Pythagorean Theorem in N-Space
- The Quadratic Formula
- The Weierstrass (Polynomial) Approximation Theorem
- Transfer Function
- Triangle Difference Inequality
- Triangle Inequality
- Two's Complement Fixed-Point Format
- Vector Addition
- Vector Cosine
- Vector Subtraction
- What frequencies are representable by a geometric sequence?
- When Do We Have to Swap Bytes When Changing Computers?
- Why (Generalized) Complex Sinusoids are Important
- Why Exponentials are Important
- Why Sinusoids are Important
- Zero Padding
- Zero Padding Theorem
- Multiples and Submultiples Prefixes Tables
- Electronics
- Tools
- AWG to Metric Converter
- Inductance Calculator
- Inductance of Circular Loop
- Inductance of Coplanar Traces
- Inductance of Equilateral Triangle Loop
- Inductance of Isosceles Triangle Loop
- Inductance of Rectangular Loop
- Inductance of Round Wire over a Ground Plane
- Inductance of Square Loop
- Inductance of Twin Lead
- Inductance of Vertically Spaced Traces
- Inductance of Wide Trace over a Ground Plane
- JSON Editor
- Morse Code Converter
- PCB Impedance and Capacitance Calculator
- PCB Impedance and Capacitance of Asymmetric Stripline
- PCB Impedance and Capacitance of Differential Microstrip
- PCB Impedance and Capacitance of Differential Stripline
- PCB Impedance and Capacitance of Dual Stripline
- PCB Impedance and Capacitance of Embedded Microstrip
- PCB Impedance and Capacitance of Microstrip
- PCB Impedance and Capacitance of Stripline